INTERNATIONAL TRADE
International trade
International trade
Nama Kelompok 9 : Ana Ratnasari (
20215641)
: Candra Raharja ( 21215435)
: Cindy
Oktavia W (21215509)
Gunadarma University
2016
Bab 1 International trade
Theories of international trade
1.
Youth Views Mercantilism
Mercantilism is a
group that reflects the ideals and ideology of commercial capitalism, as well
as political views on the prosperity of a country that is intended to
strengthen the position and prosperity of the country exceeds the individual
prosperity ..
2.
Theory of Absolute Advantage (Absolute
Advantage) by Adam Smith
n absolute
advantage, Adam Smith put forward ideas as follows.
a. Their Division of Labour (International Labour Division)
b. International Specialization and Production Efficiency
a. Their Division of Labour (International Labour Division)
b. International Specialization and Production Efficiency
Thus, the absolute
benefit occurs when a country is superior to one produced products, the
production costs are cheaper when compared to the cost of production in other
countries.
3.
Theory of Comparative Advantage
(Comparative Advantage) by David Ricardo
David Ricardo said
that absolute advantage that is expressed by Adam Smith has drawbacks,
including the following.
a. What if a country is more productive in producing two types of goods compared with other countries?
b. Whether the
country can also conduct international trade?
4.
Demand Theory of Reciprocal
(Reciprocal Demand) by John Stuart Mill
The theory put
forward by J.S. Mill actually went on Comparative Advantage Theory of David
Ricardo, which is looking for a point of equilibrium exchange between the two
items by the two countries with the exchange ratio or by specifying a Base Rate
of the Interior (DTD). Intent Theory of Reciprocity is a balance between demand
and supply, as both demand and supply determine the amount of goods exported
and imported goods.
Central Statistics
Agency data shows, in the period 2009-2013 the value of Indonesian exports have
increased from US $ 116 510 million in 2009 to US $ 182,551.8 million, or an
increase of 11.45%. In this period, oil exports have increased from US $
19018.3 million in 2009 to 32 633 million US $ in 2013 or an increase of
14.53%. The same thing happens with non-oil exports have increased from US $
97491.7 million in 2009 to US $ 149,918.8 million, an increase of 10.80%. In
the 2009-2013 period the growth of oil and gas export value is higher than
non-oil and gas. However, there are less encouraging developments.
Ministry of
Education and Culture in Indonesian Dictionary (2002) found:
Competitiveness is the ability to do something or act to seize the market.
While understanding the competitiveness according to Brata Atmaja (1994) is as follows
Competitiveness is the power, ability, or the ability to compete.
Competitiveness is the ability to do something or act to seize the market.
While understanding the competitiveness according to Brata Atmaja (1994) is as follows
Competitiveness is the power, ability, or the ability to compete.
Based on the
understanding of the definition above can be concluded that the competitiveness
of the efficiency and effectiveness of which has the right targets in
determining the direction and outcome targets to be achieved which covers the
ultimate goal and the ultimate achievement in the face of competition.
Furthermore
Sumihardjo (2008) argued that the power saiing covers
Strengthening Capabilities The market position
Connecting with the ability lingkunganya
Capabilities Improve Performance endlessly
Ability to uphold a favorable position
Strengthening Capabilities The market position
Connecting with the ability lingkunganya
Capabilities Improve Performance endlessly
Ability to uphold a favorable position
Bab 2 RI and US Trade Dispute End Cigarettes
JAKARTA,
KOMPAS.com- Government of Indonesia and the Government of the
United States (US) agreed to stop at once resolve trade disputes on the
prohibition of production and distribution of cigarettes nonmentol including
kretek (clove cigarettes) in the USA. This agreement also marks the end of a
chaotic US ban on clove cigarettes nonmentol and Indonesia in the US market.In
the US market, all kinds of flavored cigarettes are prohibited for sale.
However, menthol cigarettes by Indonesia should be included in the category of
flavored cigarettes are not banned.As is known, the US enacted legislation
prohibiting the production and trade of cigarettes nonmentol since June 2009.
Since then, Indonesia has the potential to discriminate objected because clove
cigarettes from Indonesia and give an unfair advantage to menthol
cigarettes."Indonesia and the United States agreed to sign MoU to end this
case with a settlement that accommodates the interests of both parties and
stated that the two countries agreed to close the case," said Director
General of International Trade Cooperation Bachrul Chairi, in a press release
on Tuesday (7 / 10/2014).The US also promised and agreed not to denounce the
policy of prohibition or restriction of export of mineral materials which are
applied in Indonesia, and will not interfere with market access of cigars and
cigarillos made in Indonesia in the US market until further arrangements that
would not be arbitrary or discriminative distinction between products
adversely. (Handoyo)
Analisies :
Government
of Indonesia and the Government of the United States (US) agreed to stop at
once resolve trade disputes on the prohibition of production and distribution
of cigarettes nonmentol including kretek (clove cigarettes) in the
USA.Indonesia and the United States agreed to sign MoU to end this case with a
settlement that accommodates the interests of both parties
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2014/10/07/154801926/RI.dan.AS.Akhiri.Sengketa.Dagang.Rokok.Kretek
Komentar
Posting Komentar